Different Study Designs When Investigating Cognitive And...

1. There are various advantages and disadvantages of different study designs when investigating cognitive and neural ageing using neuroimaging. Several theories of cognitive ageing have been based on cross-sectional designs where there is a common understanding that multifarious age studies can lead to a better understanding of the propinquity among age-related processes (Hofer, Sliwinski and Flaherty, 2002). This method is proven to be cost effective, renders quick results, and is the best way to determine prevalence and identifying associations within a group (Mann, 2003). However, Salthouse (2009) pointed out that comparisons of people of different ages at a particular time does not necessarily express changes that will arise within an individual as he ages. He explained that confounding factors, such as maturation, which refers to the person growing older and undergoing different experiences and influences, must be determined in each participant to know how each one h as been effected. Raz and Kennedy (2009) also identified in a review that cross-sectional studies have often only focused on specific parts of the brain in imaging studies, such as the prefrontal cortex, but many longitudinal studies present larger age-related structural changes in the inferior parietal cortex, the hippocampus, and the cerebellum. Compared to cross-sectional studies, research on ageing have argued that longitudinal is the most practical way to obtain reliable data, stating that,

The Mental Zones Of Sigmund Freud - 1016 Words

Sigmund Freud is best known for his development and use of psychoanalysis. The theory of psychoanalysis focuses on the concept of how our unconscious thoughts, feelings, and emotions play an active role in our daily lives. The id, ego, and superego are the three mental zones that encompass our psyche. Each zone has a specific function: The id functions on the pleasure principle; the ego on the protection of the individual; and the superego on protection of society. The degree of which each zone has been developed can be broken down and then analyzed. These three zones can be visualized by imagining a pie cut into three slices. Every individual is composed of different amounts of each mental zone. The goal is to achieve the perfect balance†¦show more content†¦The use of any one or combination of defense mechanisms can be extraordinarily harmful when used indiscriminately. A multitude of studies have been done to discover different results of immature defense mechanisms and have begun to identify ties with various clinical and pathological dysfunctions Repression is one of the most common defense mechanisms found in human behavior, which has resulted in a large magnitude of studies done on how to treat patients in psychotherapy dealing with its harmful effects. Repression takes place in the unconscious superego functioning and can be explained as a sort of motivated amnesia. An example of repression is an individual who suffers from acrophobia who cannot remember when he became afraid of heights is experiencing repression of the memory of the anxiety-provoking occurrence with heights. Although repression is an extremely common defense mechanism, it is also a potentially extremely harmful defense as well. Along with repression, denial is found to be another one of the most commonly used defense mechanisms in human behavior. Denial involves the blocking of external events from entry into awareness by negating possibly anxious experiences. In other words, an individual experiencing denial simply does not acknowledge that the stressful event has occurred. For example, a woman who just went through a break-up continues to refer to her ex-boyfriend as her boyfriend in daily conversations. By continuing to talk about himShow MoreRelated The Three Elements of Personality by Sigmund Freud777 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction Of Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was one of the trailblazers of modern-day psychology. After several years of clinical practice, Sigmund Freud became concern about finding a new way to cure his patients. He developed a new way of treatment, the psychoanalytic therapy based on the existence of the unconscious. According to his theory, our behavior is driven by sexual and destructive feelings. Freud mentions in his psychoanalytical theory of personality there are five stages of psychosexualRead MoreEssay about Oedipus the King and Oedipus Complex612 Words   |  3 Pages Oedipus Rex, is a Sophocles play, that according to Freud exemplifies a formative stage in a individuals psychosexual development. The psychosexual stages are the age related developmental periods in which sexual impulses are exerted through different bodily zones and then activities are associated with those areas in the bodily zones. These is when a young child will transfer his love object from the breast to the mother. When the child gives up the breast and movesRead MoreTheoretical Views Essay1698 Words   |  7 Pagesin history of psychology such as; Sigmund Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, and William James. Each psychologist’s mentioned has proposed their own reasoning behind the psychological functions and causes of human behavior. Each doctor of psychology has their own perspective as to why a person behaves the way that they do. Take Sigmund Freud for instance, he believed the unconscious mind had a strong influence on human behavior. (Cherry, 2011). According to Freud, the unconscious continues to influenceRead MoreThe Oedipus Complex And The Electra Complex1032 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud’s declaration that â€Å"neuroses†¦can be derived only from disturbances in sexual life† (94), challenged the prevailing societal attitudes of his day regarding mental health, childhood development, and human sexuality. Freud explored the inner life of c hildren developing into adulthood by reviving mythological stories of incest, brutality, and obsessive self-love: The Oedipus Complex and the Electra Complex, both variations on the theme of destructive love, murdering the same-sex parentRead MoreSigmund Freud: A Very Brief Biography1582 Words   |  7 Pages INTRO Sigmund Freud is considered one of the most influential figures in modern psychology. He is best known as the father of psychoanalysis. He developed several important theories of personality, including the theories of mind, the id, the ego, and the superego, life and death instincts, psychosexual development, and defense mechanisms. He also published many books that helped shape psychology into what it is today. EARLY LIFE Sigismund Schlomo Freud was born in Moravia, Czech RepublicRead MoreSigmund Freud : The Psychology World1482 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis who took the psychology world by storm. He is regarded as one of the most influential, and controversial, minds of the twentieth century who created an entirely new approach to the understanding of the human personality. Freud was born on May 6, 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia known today as Pribor in the Czech Republic. He grew up in a not so traditional family setting with his parents, two stepbrothers, and nephew. He was theRead MoreThe Theory Of Sexuality By Sigmund Freud1654 Words   |  7 Pagesof animals, an instinct that is genetically programmed into us for the purpose of copulation. This is made to seem analogous to the instinct of hunger or thirst and taking nourishment (15). In his book, Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, Sigmund Freud challenges these conventional views of the subject. While there are translational inconsistencies with his use of the word instinct, the term drive actually substantiates his theory. He argues that sexuality begins in childhood and can developRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1356 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist, also known as the founding father of Psychoanalysis. Freud discovered psychoanalysis by organizing ide as and information from different theories and clinical observations. Psychoanalysis is A method of analyzing psychic phenomena and treating mental and emotional disorders that is based on the concepts and theories of Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of free association and dream analysis, and that involves treatment sessions during which theRead MoreReaction Paper of Sigmund Freud1227 Words   |  5 PagesGiulia Valeria Cavallari Central Philippine University BS Psychology 1 Reaction Paper on Sigmund Freud works Heroically, Freud dominated the 20 the century. Indeed from his birth in 1856 to his death in 1939, Freud’s contribution to psychology and a host of other areas of human endeavor has been so outstanding and far reaching that it may be very difficult to envision several aspects of popular culture without a Freudian perspective. Moreover, while it hasRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologists

Service Marketing Services

Question: Write an essay on Service Marketing? Answer: The main characteristics of services that are provided by the different organisations are that they are intangible and are perishable. Services are thus those that cannot be touched only the benefits are felt and sensed. There are various ways by which the services can be provided to the people (Baron, 2010). The services are measured by the extended Ps of marketing. They are physical evidence, people, and process. These three are the main pillars on which the services are based. The physical evidence is the area or the atmosphere where the service is provided by the employees of the company or the organisation to the people. The people are the employees who provide the services to the customers and the processes are the way the services are provided to the people (Ruskin-Brown, 2005). It needs to be seen that the services are encountered by the people and the people develops an image about the quality of the services that they receive. The services are perishable which indicates that the services that are offered to the people should be availed immediately in order to derive the benefit out of it. It cannot be stored in the shelf like a product. Moreover it is seen that the service cannot be separated from the service provider (Ng Forbes, 2009). The same level of service cannot be provided by same service provider to the same customer all the time. More over it is seen that the service differs from one service providers to another, and one customer cannot expect the same level of satisfaction each time he or she avails the service (Longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Tolbert Gammoh, 2012). The services are different from the product in all the aspect, but both needs extensive promotion in order to make them sell in the market. There are different sectors where the services are provided. They range from the hotel, restaurants, hospitals, airlines to schools and colleges. Each of these sectors have different means by which they provide services to the people. Often it is seen that the product offers after sale services, warranties to the people, which are a form of service that they provide in order to make the product more competitive in the market (Kwortnik Thompson, 2008). The level of hard work and the performance of the service provider, the innovative ways of delivering the services, the atmosphere, ambience of the building adds to the quality of the service that are provided and make them worst as well as the best services encountered. There are various situations where I have taken the service from in different forms and I have gained some experience from the service encounters that I had. It can be said that all the services that I have encountered were not good, but there were others that were exceptionally good (Sergius Koku, 2009). These experiences made me analyse those so that I can implement them in the near future while I avail the services which are similar to the ones that I have received. The worst services provided by an organisation as well as the organisation that are doing a good job are analysed based on my personal experience. Worst experience Hotel Pennsylvania - New York Date of encounter- 11.4.15 The industry is hotel industry The hotel is situated in New York and is known as one of the renowned hotel in the area. The hotel has 1705 guest rooms and 2 restrooms where the breakfast is available. WiFi is available in the lobby and is located at a prime location, form where the Empire State Building, Times Square, and the Madison Square Garden are close. There are superior double bedroom, triple room, as well as suite in the hotel from which the people can choose any type of rooms according to their need. I was at the hotel with my family to for a purpose to spend two days at the hotel, as we were spending the time for a holiday at New York. At the time of the stay at the hotel we were not satisfied to the extent that we should have been during our stay at the hotel, though the servicescape was good (Pauwels Ruyter, 2005). On the first day of our stay, we did not face any problem, though the service was not good. The receptionist was not welcoming to the extent they should have been and it was like that they are doing just a formality in welcoming us. We had taken our pet dog along with us, though they allow pets in the rooms but they were nit approving of the idea of keeping the dog in the room. More over the room service was not on time and they did not maintain the time that we were told. When we went to the lobby in the hotel with our pet dog we were told that the dog was not allowed in the lobby. With this type of behaviour we were not very satisfied since we did not receive this kind of behaviour in the past in any place (Sharma, 2008). We were very hurt due to the fact that the hotel authority was not very appreciative of our stay at the hotel, from the first day. The hotel authority would have made us feel comfortable from the first day of the stay. They could have allowed the pet to roam about with us at all the places that we went in the hotel. More over the hotel could have made an apology statement to us for telling us harshly in front of the others in the area. At the time of leaving they did not show the courtesy to tell us to visit the hotel again and thanked us for the stay (Svari, Sltten, Svensson Edvardsson, 2011). After this service encounter, we have decided that we will not go and take the services from them in the future. The management authority should always look for the happiness of the people who stays in the hotel, and should make the utmost try to make them feel at home. Best services Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston The hospital was very useful to me and provided me with the greatest services that seemed to be like a flawless visit, from the beginning to the end. There take a genuine care of all the patients in the hospital. I was in the radiology department and the instrument were very modern. The doctors and the nurse practitioners were very caring as well as thorough and they communicate with each other and consult with others so that they can take the best care of the patient. The patients are asked to complete a thorough questionnaire about the condition in which the patient is. The questionnaire leaves no areas untouched, so the patient feels satisfied that all the aspects are looked after (Dalakas, 2006). I was very satisfied with the surgery and after that I was inspected at the hospital at regular interval until I was fully recovered (Harris, Baron Parker, 2000). The doctors and the nurses were friendly to make the patient feel at ease and they took utmost care so that the patient can overcome the fear of the treatment. There are other services that they offer. My parents were informed about the success of the operation over the telephone so that they could wait outside to see me after I am taken out of the operation theatre (Woratschek Horbel, 2006). The services that they provide are excellent right from the reception at the time of entering to the time of leaving the hospital. The family of the patient are relieved to leave the patient in the hospital as they know that they will be looked after very well in here. I as well as my family come here all the time and make recommendations to others as well for the treatment. From this experiences that I had in the two services industry I have generated two different set of perspectives based on my perception level. The services are based on the credibility of the service provider in providing the services. The Flower of Service states that there are two types of supplementary services like the facilitating services and the enhancing services. The facilitating services are the information gathering, order taking, billing and the payment. The enhancing services are the consultation with the people, the hospitality that is given, safekeeping of the things in the office, and the exceptions or the extra services that are provided to the people. Thus it is seen in the cases of the two examples that I have given it is seen that I have fulfilled all the facilitating services, but the enhancing services are what that make the difference to the level of perception that the people have (Warnaby, 2009). The hospitality that the people get along with the extra services that they get and expect to get, are different for the different people. Thus in my case the same happened, in the hotel I did not perceive the level of satisfaction that I was expecting and that I got. In case of the hospital the level of service that I got was more than my expectations thus I was overwhelmed. References Baron, S. (2010).Service marketing. London: SAGE. Dalakas, V. (2006). The Importance of a Good Ending in a Service Encounter.Services Marketing Quarterly,28(1), 35-53. doi:10.1300/j396v28n01_03 Harris, K., Baron, S., Parker, C. (2000). Understanding the Consumer Experience: It's 'Good To Talk'.Journal Of Marketing Management,16(1-3), 111-127. doi:10.1362/026725700785100505 Kwortnik, R., Thompson, G. (2008). Unifying Service Marketing and Operations With Service Experience Management.Journal Of Service Research,11(4), 389-406. doi:10.1177/1094670509333595 Kwortnik, R., Thompson, G. (2008). Unifying Service Marketing and Operations With Service Experience Management.Journal Of Service Research,11(4), 389-406. doi:10.1177/1094670509333595 Longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Tolbert, S., Gammoh, B. (2012). In good and bad times: the interpersonal nature of brand love in service relationships.Journal Of Services Marketing,26(6), 391-402. doi:10.1108/08876041211257882 Ng, I., Forbes, J. (2009). Education as Service: The Understanding of University Experience Through the Service Logic.Journal Of Marketing For Higher Education,19(1), 38-64. doi:10.1080/08841240902904703 Pauwels, P., Ruyter, K. (2005).Research on international service marketing. Amsterdam: Elsevier JAI. Ruskin-Brown, I. (2005).Marketing your service business. London: Thorogood. Sergius Koku, P. (2009). Serviceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ service marketing: relationships between law firms and hospitals.Journal Of Services Marketing,23(3), 165-174. doi:10.1108/08876040910955170 Sharma, S. (2008).Service marketing. Jaipur: Paradise Publishers. Svari, S., Sltten, T., Svensson, G., Edvardsson, B. (2011). A SOS construct of negative emotions in customers' service experience (CSE) and service recovery by firms (SRF).Journal Of Services Marketing,25(5), 323-335. doi:10.1108/08876041111149685 Warnaby, G. (2009). Towards a service-dominant place marketing logic.Marketing Theory,9(4), 403-423. doi:10.1177/1470593109346898 Woratschek, H., Horbel, C. (2006). Are Variety-Seekers Bad Customers?.Journal Of Relationship Marketing,4(3-4), 43-57. doi:10.1300/j366v04n03_04

The Congenital Heart Defect Biology Essay Example For Students

The Congenital Heart Defect Biology Essay The cardiovascular system is composed of the bosom and the circulatory system. Another organ that is closely associated with the cardiovascular system is the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system filters the blood and removes micro-organisms like viruses and bacteriums. The lymphatic fluid besides assists in presenting foods and O to cells. Other constructions of the cardiovascular system include the blood and the blood vass. The vass are hollow tubings that transport blood throughout the organic structure. Arteries, arteriolas, capillaries, venulas and venas allow the blood to go from the bosom. Microcirculation is the procedure through which O, foods, C dioxide and some waste are exchanged between the fluids that surrounds the cells and the blood. Blood is responsible for presenting foods to the cell and removes wastes that are produced during cellular respiration. We will write a custom essay on The Congenital Heart Defect Biology specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The bosom is responsible for pumping the blood and provision O through the vass. Urges produced by the bosom cause it to contract and relax ; this contraction and relaxation produce a pulse. The bosom round allows the cardiac rhythm to pump blood to each portion of the organic structure. Another chief map of the cardiovascular system is to take O to all the parts of the organic structure. The parts of the organic structure use the O during metabolic procedures. Another map of the cardiovascular system is to take gaseous waste merchandises from the organic structure. The wastes are removed by traveling them to organs that will either interrupt them down or egest them. The cardiovascular system is besides responsible for the conveyance of foods. The cardiovascular system is a complex system ; and there are many upsets that can originate, doing failure. Congenital Heart Defect What is Congenital Heart Defect? The inborn disease affects the development of the cardiovascular system. The word inborn signifies present at birth. There is a huge assortment of conditions that go under this class. Some of them involve terrible bosom deformities ; other defects affect the blood vass that lead off or into the bosom. Congenital bosom defect arise during bosom development shortly after construct and sometimes even before the female parent is cognizant that she is pregnant. This defect ranges from holes between the bosom Chamberss to the absence of one or more valves or Chamberss. A Normal Heart: Valves Arteries These assist in transporting the blood in a circulatory form. Chambers ( organic structure, bosom, lungs, bosom, organic structure ) All valves and Chamberss should work right in order to pump blood through the bosom to the lungs. When the valves, arterias, venas and Chamberss are malformed, the blood circulation can non take topographic point. Therefore the blood flow slows down, be locked wholly, or even travel in the incorrect way. The inborn bosom defect affects 1 in 100 kids. Causes of Congenital Heart Defects Unknown cause: A For most of the bosom defect there is no exact cause. There are grounds that presume that the defects are familial ; nevertheless there are few cistrons that link to the presence of the defect. Therefore these defects are due to a combination of environmental and familial factors. Normally there is 2 to 15 % opportunity of bosom defect to happen in the household once more. Familial syndrome: The individuals that have inborn bosom defect have a peculiar familial status. This specific status includes other wellness upsets. Peoples with this defect may non cognize it ; and the opportunities for their kids to inherit the status are about 50 % . The badness of this disease varies widely on the kid. Some have more serious and others have less serious wellness jobs. Single cistron: A .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b , .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .postImageUrl , .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b , .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b:hover , .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b:visited , .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b:active { border:0!important; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b:active , .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc5588975ebc4010139b304105628445b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Huckleberry Finn (812 words) EssayThe inborn bosom defects are seldom caused by a individual cistron alterations. When this is the instance more than one of the individuals in the household have a bosom defect. Therefore the opportunities of holding these defect is 50 % . Environmental exposure: A The inborn disease can be caused besides by something the female parent was exposed during gestation. The female parent was exposed to either drug or an infection. Still the opportunities of holding the bosom defect do that transcend the one of an mean individual. Symptoms of Congenital Heart Disease The symptoms of the inborn defects may look at birth, during childhood or they may non look until maturity. There are inborn defects that may hold no symptoms. Adults: When the symptoms are present in grownups they may see ; Breath shortness The ability to make exercising is limited Babies and kids: Poor eating Breathing fastly Poverty in weight addition Lung infections Exercise inability A How Is Congenital Heart Disease Diagnosed? The sensing of the inborn defect may be detected during cheques to Cardiologist. The sensings include: Abnormal sounds of the bosom Heart mutter The testing is furthered depending on the type of bosom mutter. The testing may include: Cardiac catheterisation X raies on the thorax Electrocardiograms Treatment for Congenital Heart Defects Treatment depends on how terrible the defect is, the age of the kid, the size and besides the general wellness. Soon many of the kids that born with this bosom defect, unrecorded even through maturity and have productive lives. There are instances where the bosom defects are mild. These instances do nt demand intervention. Persons with inborn bosom defect should be dealt by a heart specialist who is specialized in this field. Often visits to the heart specialist are indispensable through childhood and even during maturity. Adults: Surgery Medicines Heart grafts Monitored by a bosom specializer lifelong ( most grownups ) Childs: Surgery Interventional fix process Medicines to better bosom maps Decision Congenital bosom defect affects the construction the bosom construction. Congenital bosom defect as the name implies is present at birth. The most common type of birth defect is inborn bosom defect. The bosom starts to develop after construct. While development of the bosom takes topographic point defects in the construction can happen. These structural defects can include the arterias and venas that are close to the bosom ; and even the valves and walls of the bosom. The inborn bosom defect affects or interrupts the flow of blood into and out of the bosom. These defect cause the blood flow to decelerate down, acquire to the incorrect topographic point and even be blocked wholly. The intervention for inborn bosom defect involves surgery, medicines and even bosom grafts. The medicines and interventions for these defects depend on the patient s wellness and the badness of the disease. Many of the inborn bosom defects acquire to be detected and treated during babyhood. Sadly there are are rare instances in which babes with inborn bosom defects are cured. Over the past 50 old ages at that place has been betterment in the medical, diagnostic and operative maps but still many of the circulations do non work in a normal manner. Many of the patients that go through surgery continue to face cardiac jobs that relate to the inborn defect. Therefore after surgery they should hold a medical follow up. Peoples with old surgeries frequently have to confront with a life full of re operations.